1. The rate of unemployment hasn’t increased quite as much this year compared to previous years.
SLIGHTLY
This year the rate of unemployment has increased slightly less than it did in previous years.

2. It has rained much more in London over the 10 years than it has ever done in previous decades.
CONSIDERABLY
Over the last 10 years, the rainfall in London has
been considerably higher than
been considerably greater than
been considerably more than
been considerably heavier than
in previous decades.

3. The comedian was less funny than the audience expected.
NEARLY
The comedian
wasn't nearly as funny as
was not nearly as funny as
wasn't nearly so funny as
was not nearly so funny as
the audience expected.

4. Every time he talks about going on holiday I get really excited.
THE
The more he talks about going on holiday the more excited I
get.

5. What was much better than expected was the costume design.
EXCEEDED
What
what exceeded my expectations was
what exceeded my expectation was
the costume design.

6. He wondered how likely it was that he would get top marks again.
CHANCES
He asked himself what
were the chances of getting
the chances were of getting
were the chances of him getting
the chances were of him getting
top marks again.

Part 5: Key Word Transformation (Expressions/common lexical patterns)

1. Does he ever give you the impression that he would rather be talking to someone else?
FEELING
Do you ever
get the feeling that he
have the feeling that he
get the feeling he
have the feeling he
would rather be talking to someone else?

2. Jenny’s generosity means that people exploit her good nature.
ADVANTAGE
Jenny’s so
generous that people take advantage
generous people take advantage
of her good nature.

3. She needs to consider the amount the holiday is going to cost.
ACCOUNT
She needs to take into account how much the holiday is going to cost.

4. The speaker rambled on for ages before stating what the lecture was about.
POINT
It took ages for the speaker to get to the point what the lecture was about.

5. We’d like to implement the idea immediately but we should wait a while.
PRACTICE
We’d like to put the idea into practice immediately but we should wait a while.

6. She’s renowned for her expertise in human psychology.
FIELD
She’s a renowned expert in the field of human psychology.

Part 5: Key Word Transformation (Phrasal verbs)

1. Angela was full of anticipation about the party next week.
FORWARD
Angela was looking forward to.the party next week.

2. He’d been struggling to think of a really original birthday present.
COME
No matter how he tried
he couldn't come up with
he could not come up with
an idea for a really original birthday present.

3. Her teacher said she wasn’t progressing as well as other students with her assignments.
DANGER
Her teacher warned her that she was in danger of falling behind with her assignments.

4. David thought it unfair that his team resented him for not scoring a goal.
AGAINST
David thought it unfair that his team should hold it against him for not scoring a goal.

5. Holly decided that she’d ask to be transferred to another department.
REQUEST
Holly decided to put in a request for a transfer to another department.

6. We decided we wouldn’t go with him to the airport after all.
SEE
We decided not to see him off at the airport after all.

Part 5: Key Word Transformation (Formal structures (Including conditionals)

1. Sandra would only go to the supermarket on a Saturday.
ON
Sandra insisted on going to the supermarket on a Saturday..

2. The contract said that we didn’t have to accept immediately.
OBLIGATION
The contract said that we were under no obligation to accept immediately.

3. He wouldn’t have been interviewed by the police if he hadn’t seen the robbery.
WITNESS
The police wouldn’t have interviewed him
had been witness to
had been a witness to
had been witness to
had been a witness to
the robbery.

4.The paramedics were told that they should never place a human life at risk trying to rescue an animal.
CIRCUMSTANCES
The paramedics were warned that under no circumstances should they place a human life at risk trying to rescue an animal.

5. If you need any help please don’t hesitate to ask.
ASSISTANCE
If I can be of any assistance/be of assistance please don’t hesitate to ask.

6. If it has to be cancelled the show will place at a later date.
EVENT
In the event of it being/the event of being cancelled the show will take place at a later date.